LOCKHEED MARTIN/BOEING F-22 Raptor

US Air Force next-generation tactical fighter, formerly known as Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF).

US Air Force ATF required 750 (now 442) McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle replacements.
These replacements must incorporate:

Low observable technology "stealth"
Supercruise (supersonic cruise without afterburning)
A very high level of aerial agility and STOL capability with the aid of two-dimensional thrust vectoring system
A fly-by-light control system developed by Lear Astronics for a relaxed-stability airframe
An advanced nav/attack system using artificial intelligence to filter data, reducing the pilot's workload while improving his grasp of the tactical situation.

Submissions from contractors were received by July 28, 1986 and the USAF selection was announced on October 31, 1986 for the demonstration/validation phase contractors: Lockheed YF-22 and Northrop YF-23.
Each company produced two prototypes and ground-based avionics testbed.
The first flight of all four prototypes took place in 1990.
Lockheed teamed with General Dynamics (Fort Worth) and Boeing Military Airplanes to produce two YF-22 prototypes, one with GE YF120 engine (aircraft desinated N22YF) and the other with a Pratt & Whitney YF119 engine (desinated N22YX).
N22YF rolled out at Palmdale on August 29, 1990, and first flew in September 1990.
The first flight/ferry to Edwards AFB happened on September 29, 1990.
Second prototype, YF-22 (F119-powered), was taken by road to Palmdale in mid-1991.
The aircraft was fitted with strain gauges and began afurther 100 hour test programme on October 30 1991.
This gathered data on aerodynamic loads, flight control aerodynamic effects, vibration/acoustic fatigue and maximum coefficient of lift.
In April 1991, the USAF annouced that it had selected the Pratt & Whitney-powered version of the F-22.

Low observable configuration and construction provides stealth capabilities.
Key features included angular but clean external shape with jagged edges on any portion that could reflect electromagnetic energy back towards a hostile radar.
Greatly improved reliability and maintainability for high sortie-generation rates, including an under 20 minute combat turnround time.
New enhanced survivability through 'first-look, first-shot, first-kill' capability.
An avionics suite integrated by TRW Inc. on the basis of a VHSIC computer system (operating on the artificial intelligence principles of the Pilot's Associate system) offering three times the memory and 16 times the operating speed of the F-15's system.
Requires a short T-O and landing distances, supersonic cruise and manoeuvring (supercruise) in region of Mach 1.5 without afterburning.
Three internal weapons storage bays in place of external hardpoints.
Sidewinder AAMs stored internally in sides of intake ducts, with AMRAAMs, Sidewinders or GBU-32 JDAM 1000 precision-guided munitions in ventral weapons bay.
Diamond-shaped cheek air intakes with highly contoured air ducts, and single-axis thrust vectoring included on PW119.
Additional production F-22 changes from YF-22 include:

Decreased wingroot thickness
Modified camber and twist (increasing anhedral); all 48° plan angles changed to 42°
Blunter nose
Wheelbase and wheel track were reduced
Revised undercarriage legs and doors
Constant chord ailerons
Reprofiled cockpit canopy
Dorsal airbrake deleted

Two 155 kN (35,000 lb st) class Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 advanced technology reheated engines reportedly developed from F100 turbofan.
Two-dimensional convergent/divergent exhaust nozzles with thrust vectoring for enhanced performance and maneuvrability.

Internal long-barrel M61A2 20 mm cannon with hinged muzzle cover and 480-round magazine capacity (production F-22).
Three internal bays for AIM-9 Sidewinder (one in each side bay) and/or four AIM-120A or six AIM-120C AMRAAM AAMs and/or GBU-32 JDAM 1000 PGMs on hydraulic weapon racks in main weapons bay.
Four underwing stores stations at 317 mm (125 in) and 442 mm (174 in) from centreline of fuselage capable of carrying 2,268 kg (5,000 lb) each.

DIMENSIONS
Wing span:
YF-22:	13.11 m	43 ft 0 in
F-22:	13.56 m	44 ft 6 in
Length overall:
YF-22:	19.56 m	64 ft 2 in
F-22:	18.92 m	62 ft 1 in
Height overall:
YF-22:	5.41 m	17 ft 9 in
F-22:	5.05 m	16 ft 7 in
AREAS:
Wings, gross:
YF-22 & F-22:	78.0 m²	840.0 sq ft
WEIGHTS AND LOADINGS (estimated):
Weight empty:
YF-22:	over 13,608 kg	30,000 lb
F-22:	14,365 kg	31,670 lb
Max T-O weight: F-22:	almost 27,216 kg	60,000 lb
PERFORMANCE: (YF-22, demonstrated):
Max level speed:
At Sea Level:	800 kts	1482 km/h; 921 mph
supercruise:	Mach 1.58
afterburning:	Mach 1.7 at 9,150 m (30,000 ft)
Ceiling:	15,240 m	50,000 ft
G limit:	+7.9